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  • Dénominations

    :

      

    • Nom botanique :

      Ximenia americana L.

    • Synonymes

      :

      Ximenia aculeata Crantz, Ximenia elliptica G. Forst, Ximenia exarmata F. Muell, Ximenia fluminensis M. Roem, Ximenia laurina Delile, Ximenia multiflora Jacq, Ximenia inermis L, Ximenia montana Macfad, Ximenia rogersii Burtt Davy, Ximenia spinosa Salisb, et d'autres

    • Noms anglais et locaux

      :

      Wild olive, Yellow plum ;





  • Description et culture

    :

      

    • dont infos de "FOOD PLANTS INTERNATIONAL" :

      • Description

        :

        Un petit arbre ou un arbuste épineux d'environ 3-4 m de haut. Il a des épines d'environ 1 cm de long qui sont fines et droites. Les feuilles et les branches sont sans poils. Les feuilles sont alternes, ovales et mesurent environ 2 à 4 cm de long. Les feuilles sont vert bleuâtre. Les feuilles se replient le long de la nervure médiane. La pointe de la feuille peut être ronde ou avec une encoche. Les fleurs sont d'un blanc verdâtre, dégagent une odeur et mesurent moins de 1 cm de long. Ils se produisent en petites grappes ramifiées avec une tige commune. Les fruits sont jaunes, en forme d'oeuf et mesurent 2 cm de diamètre. Ils ont la peau fine. Ils sont aigres. Il y a une grosse graine{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

        Original : A small tree or spiny shrub about 3-4 m high. It has spines about 1 cm long which are thin and straight. The leaves and branches are without hairs. The leaves are alternate, oval and about 2-4 cm long. The leaves are bluish green. The leaves fold upwards along the midrib. The tip of the leaf can be round or with a notch. The flowers are greenish white, have a smell and are less than 1 cm long. They occur in small branched clusters with a common stalk. The fruit are yellow, egg shaped and 2 cm across. They are thin skinned. They are sour. There is one large seed{{{0(+x).

      • Production

        :

        Les plantes poussent lentement. Ils peuvent être taillés comme haie ou coupés et autorisés à repousser. Le fruit des plantes est de 3-4 ans. Les fruits mûrissent en 50 à 60 jours. Les fruits sont récoltés en grimpant sur la cueillette des fruits{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

        Original : Plants are slow growing. They can be pruned as a hedge or cut back and allowed to regrow. Plants fruit is 3-4 years. Fruit mature in 50-60 days. Fruit are harvested by climbing the plucking the fruit{{{0(+x).

      • Culture

        :

        Les plantes poussent normalement à l'état sauvage. La plante a souvent des racines qui se nourrissent d'autres plantes. Les plantes peuvent être cultivées à partir de graines. Ceux-ci peuvent être cultivés dans des pots puis transplantés ou peuvent être semés là où ils doivent pousser. Comme les graines ne se conservent pas bien, elles doivent être semées fraîches. {{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

        Original : Plants normally grow wild. The plant often has roots which feed off other plants. Plants can be grown from seed. These can be grown in pots then transplanted or can be sown where they are to grow. As seed do not store well, they should be sown fresh{{{0(+x).



  • Miam

    Consommation

    (rapports de comestibilité, parties utilisables et usages alimentaires correspondants) :

      

    Parties comestibles

    : fruits, feuilles, graines, huile{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

    Original : Fruit, Leaves, Seeds, Oil{{{0(+x).

    Détails

    : Les fruits mûrs sont consommés crus ou marinés. Ils sont utilisés pour la confiture et les gelées. Ils peuvent être séchés. Ils sont également utilisés pour faire de la bière. Les graines ou les noix sont réduites en poudre et mélangées avec du sagou pour faire du pain. Les grains des noix sont enregistrés comme comestibles et purgatifs. Ils ne doivent être consommés qu'en petit nombre. ATTENTION Les feuilles ont été signalées comme toxiques. Ils contiennent un glycoside cyanogène. Les jeunes feuilles sont consommées après la cuisson{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

    Original : The ripe fruit are eaten raw or pickled. They are used for jam and jellies. They can be dried. They are also used to make beer. The seeds or nuts are powdered and mixed with sago to make bread.The kernels of the nuts are recorded as both edible and purgative. They should only be eaten in small numbers. CAUTION The leaves have been reported as poisonous. They contain a cyanogenic glycoside.Young leaves are eaten after cooking{{{0(+x).



    Partie testée

    : /

    Taux d'humidité Énergie (kj) Énergie (kcal) Protéines (g)
    / / / /

    Pro-
    vitamines A (µg)
    Vitamines C (mg) Fer (mg) Zinc (mg)
    / / / /



  • Précautions

    Risques et précautions à prendre

    :

      

    cf. consommation

  • Autres infos

    :

      

    dont infos de "FOOD PLANTS INTERNATIONAL" :

    • Statut

      :

      Un petit fruit sauvage comestible (et une noix) dans plusieurs zones côtières de Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée. Il est couramment utilisé en Afrique de l'Ouest. Les fruits sont généralement disponibles pendant la saison la plus sèche et la plus affamée{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

      Original : A minor wild edible fruit (and nut) in several coastal areas of Papua New Guinea. It is commonly used in West Africa. Fruit tend to be available in the drier more hungry season{{{0(+x).

    • Distribution

      :

      Une plante tropicale. Il pousse dans les basses terres. Ils se produisent le long des côtes et des bords de mer de Luzon à Mindanao et à Palawan aux Philippines. Il se produit dans la végétation près du littoral. La plante est présente dans tous les pays tropicaux. On le trouve dans la savane en Afrique. Il résiste à la sécheresse. En Chine, il pousse dans les zones sablonneuses derrière les plages le long du bord de mer et principalement en dessous de 100 m dans le sud de la Chine. En Bolivie, il pousse jusqu'à 900 m d'altitude. Au Kenya, il pousse entre 1 700 et 1 800 m d'altitude. Il pousse au Sahel. Il pousse dans les zones avec une pluviométrie annuelle comprise entre 100 et 1 270 mm. Il peut pousser dans des endroits arides{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

      Original : A tropical plant. It grows in the lowlands. They occur along the back of coasts and seashores from Luzon to Mindanao and Palawan in the Philippines. It occurs in the vegetation near the coastline. The plant occurs in all tropical countries. It is found in savannah in Africa. It is drought resistant. In China it grows in sandy areas behind beaches along the sea shore and mostly below 100 m in S China. In Bolivia it grows up to 900 m altitude. In Kenya it grows between 1,700-1,800 m altitude. It grows in the Sahel. It grows in areas with an annual rainfall between 100-1,270 mm. It can grow in arid places{{{0(+x).

    • Localisation

      :

      Afrique, Samoa américaines, Angola, Argentine, Asie, Australie, Bahamas, Belize, Bénin, Bolivie, Botswana, Brésil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroun, Afrique centrale, République centrafricaine, RCA, Amérique centrale, Tchad, Chili, Chine, Colombie, Congo, Congo R, Îles Cook, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Dominique, République dominicaine, Afrique de l'Est, Timor oriental, Équateur, El Salvador, Érythrée, Eswatini, Éthiopie, Fidji, Guyane française, Gambie , Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guyanes, Guinée, Guinée, Guinée-Bissau, Guyane, Haïti, Honduras, Inde, Indonésie, Côte d'Ivoire, Jamaïque, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Malaisie, Maldives, Mali, Martinique, Mexique, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibie, Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouvelle-Zélande, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigéria, Amérique du Nord, Pacifique, Panama, Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, PNG, Paraguay, Pérou, Philippines, Porto Rico, Rwanda, Sahel, Samoa,Sao Tomé-et-Principe, Asie du Sud-Est, Sénégal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Îles Salomon, Somalie, Afrique du Sud, Afrique australe, Amérique du Sud, Soudan du Sud, Sri Lanka, Soudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzanie, Thaïlande, Timor-Leste, Togo , Tonga, détroit de Torres, Trinité-et-Tobago, Tuvalu, Ouganda, USA, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Afrique de l'Ouest, Antilles, Zambie, Zimbabwe{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

      Original : Africa, American Samoa, Angola, Argentina, Asia, Australia, Bahamas, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa, Central African Republic, CAR, Central America, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Congo R, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Africa, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Fiji, French Guiana, Gambia, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guianas, Guinea, Guinée, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Martinique, Mexico, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North America, Pacific, Panama, Papua New Guinea, PNG, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Sahel, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, SE Asia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Southern Africa, South America, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Torres Strait, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, USA, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, West Africa, West Indies, Zambia, Zimbabwe{{{0(+x).

    • Notes

      :

      La graine contient une huile non siccative utile dans les savons. Il existe environ 8 à 10 espèces de Ximenia. Ils sont tropicaux{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).

      Original : The seed contains a non drying oil useful in soaps. There are about 8-10 Ximenia species. They are tropical{{{0(+x).




  • Liens, sources et/ou références



      

    • Sources et/ou références :



      dont livres et bases de données : 0"Food Plants International" (en anglais) ;

      dont biographie/références de "FOOD PLANTS INTERNATIONAL" :

      Abbiw, D.K., 1990, Useful Plants of Ghana. West African uses of wild and cultivated plants. Intermediate Technology Publications and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. p 49 ; Acipa, A. et al, 2013, Nutritional Profile of some Selected Food Plants of Otwal and Ngai Counties, Oyam District, Northern Uganda. African Journal or Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development. 13(2) ; Addis, G., et al, 2013, The Role of Wild and Semi-wild Edible Plants in Household Food Sovereignty in Hamer and Konso Communities, South Ethiopia. Ethnobotany Research & Applications. 11:251-271 ; Agea, J. G., et al 2011, Wild and Semi-wild Food Plants of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom of Uganda: etc. Environmental Research Journal 5(2) 74-86 ; Altschul, S.V.R., 1973, Drugs and Foods from Little-known Plants. Notes in Harvard University Herbaria. Harvard Univ. Press. Massachusetts. no. 796 ; Ambasta, S.P. (Ed.), 2000, The Useful Plants of India. CSIR India. p 693 ; Ambe, G., 2001, Les fruits sauvages comestibles des savanes guinéennes de Côte-dâ'Ivoire : état de la connaissance par une population locale, les Malinké. Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 5(1), 43-48 ; Asfaw, Z. and Tadesse, M., 2001, Prospects for Sustainable Use and Development of Wild Food Plants in Ethiopia. Economic Botany, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 47-62 ; Ashagre, M., et al, 2016, Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Burji District, Segan Area Zone of Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2016) 12:32 ; Assogbadjo, A. E. et al, 2013, Specific Richness and Cultural Importance of Wild Edible Trees in Benin. Acta Hort. 979, ISHS 2013 ; Atato, A., et al, 2010, Diversity of Edible Wild Fruit Tree Species of Togo. Global Science Books. ; Atato, A.,et al, 2011, Edible Wild Fruit Highly Consumed during Food Shortage Period in Togo: State of Knowledge and Conservation Status. Journal of Life Sciences 5 (2011) 1046-1057 ; Awodoyin, R.O., Olubode, O.S., Ogbu, J.U., Balogun, R.B., Nwawuisi, J.U. and Orji, K.O., 2015, Indigenous Fruit Trees of Tropical Africa: Status, Opportunity for Development and Biodiversity Management. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 31-41 ; Balemie, K., & Kebebew, F., 2006, Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Derashe and Kucha Districts, South Ethiopia. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2:53 ; Ballal, M. E., et al, 2014, Ethno-botany of Natural Forests of Nuba Mountains, South Kordofan State, Sudan. Journal of Forest Poducts & Industries. 3(1):13-19 ; Bekele-Tesemma A., Birnie, A., & Tengnas, B., 1993, Useful Trees and Shrubs for Ethiopia. Regional Soil Conservation Unit. Technical Handbook No 5. p 450 ; Belem, B., et al, 2007, Use of Non Wood Forest Products by local people bordering the “Parc National Kaboré Tambi”, Burkina Faso. The Journal of Transdisciplinary Environmental Studies vol. 6, no. 1 p 9 ; Berihun, T. & Molla, E., 2017, Study on the Diversity and Use of Wild Edible Plants in Bullen District Northwest Ethiopia. Hindawi Journal of Botany. Article ID 8383468 ; Bodkin, F., 1991, Encyclopedia Botanica. Cornstalk publishing, p 1030 ; Bonou, A., et al, 2013, Valeur economique des Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux (PFNL) au Benin. Editions Universitaires Europeennes p 88 ; Borrell, O.W., 1989, An Annotated Checklist of the Flora of Kairiru Island, New Guinea. Marcellin College, Victoria Australia. p 116, 209 ; Bortolotto, I. M., et al, 2018, Lista preliminar das plantas alimenticias nativas de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia, Serie Botanica, Porto Alegre, 73 (supl.):101-116 ; Brown, W.H., 1920, Wild Food Plants of the Philippines. Bureau of Forestry Bulletin No. 21 Manila. p 52 ; Burkill, H. M., 1985, The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 4. Kew. ; Burkill, I.H., 1966, A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vol 2 (I-Z) p 2314 ; Catarino, L., et al, 2016, Ecological data in support of an analysis of Guinea-Bissau's medicinal flora. Data in Brief 7 (2016):1078-1097 ; Chapman, J. D. & Chapman, H. M., 2001, The Forest Flora of Taraba and Andamawa States, Nigeria. WWF & University of Canterbury. p 193 ; Cheikhyoussef, A & Embashu, W., 2013, Ethnobotanical knowledge on Indigenous fruits in Ohangwena and Oshito regions in Northern Namibia. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 9:34 ; Codjia, J. T. C., et al, 2003, Diversity and local valorisation of vegetal edible products in Benin. Cahiers Agricultures 12:1-12 ; Cole, D. et al, 2014, Indigenous Plant Products in Namibia. Venture Publications Windhoek, Namibia. p 70 ; Cooper, W. and Cooper, W., 2004, Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Nokomis Editions, Victoria, Australia. p 376 ; Cowie, I, 2006, A Survey of Flora and vegetation of the proposed Jaco-Tutuala-Lore National Park. Timor-Lests (East Timor) www.territorystories.nt/gov.au p 51 ; Cribb, A.B. & J.W., 1976, Wild Food in Australia, Fontana. p 60 ; Dale, I. R. and Greenway, P. J., 1961, Kenya Trees and Shrubs. Nairobi. p 345 ; Dalziel, J. M., 1937, The Useful plants of west tropical Africa. Crown Agents for the Colonies London. ; Dobriyal, M. J. R. & Dobriyal, R., 2014, Non Wood Forest Produce an Option for Ethnic Food and Nutritional Security in India. Int. J. of Usuf. Mngt. 15(1):17-37 ; Exell, A.W. et al, (Ed), 1963, Flora Zambesiaca Vol 2 Part 1 Crown Agents, London. p 329 ; Facciola, S., 1998, Cornucopia 2: a Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, p 162 ; Fell, D.G. & Stanton, D.J., 2015: The vegetation and flora of Mabuyag, Torres Strait, Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum – Culture 8(1):1-33. Brisbane. ISSN 1440-4788 ; Flora of China @ efloras.org Volume 5 ; Flora Somalia. http://plants.jstor.org ; Fowler, D. G., 2007, Zambian Plants: Their Vernacular Names and Uses. Kew. p 51 ; Franklin, J., Keppel, G., & Whistler, W., 2008, The vegetation and flora of Lakeba, Nayau and Aiwa Islands, Central Lau Group, Fiji. Micronesica 40(1/2): 169–225, 2008 ; Freiberger, C. E., et al, 1998, Nutrient content of the edible leaves of seven wild plants from Niger. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 53: 57–69, ; French, B.R., 1986, Food Plants of Papua New Guinea, A Compendium. Asia Pacific Science Foundation p 291 ; Gaisberger, H., et al, 2017, Spatially explicit multi-threat assessment of food tree species in Burkina Faso: A fine-scale approach. PLoS ONE 12 (9): e0184457 ; Gallagher, D. E., 2010, Farming beyond the escarpment: Society, Environment, and Mobility in Precolonial Southeastern Burkina Faso. PhD University of Michigan. ; Gilbert, T., et al, 2017, Diversity and local transformation of indigenous edible fruits in sahelian domain of Cameroon. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences Vol. 26 (2): 5289-5300 ; Godfrey, J. et al, 2013, Harvesting, preparation and preservation of commonly consumed wild and semi-wild food plants in Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Uganda. Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants. Vol.3 No.2 pp 262-282 ; Goode, P., 1989, Edible Plants of Uganda. FAO p 30 ; Goode, P., 1989, Edible Plants of Uganda. FAO p 37 ; Goode, P., 1989, Edible Plants of Uganda. FAO p 40 ; Grandtner, M. M., 2008, World Dictionary of Trees. Wood and Forest Science Department. Laval University, Quebec, Qc Canada. (Internet database http://www.wdt.qc.ca) ; Grandtner, M. M. & Chevrette, J., 2013, Dictionary of Trees, Volume 2: South America: Nomenclature, Taxonomy and Ecology. Academic Press p 706 ; Grivetti, L. E., 1980, Agricultural development: present and potential role of edible wild plants. Part 2: Sub-Saharan Africa, Report to the Department of State Agency for International Development. p 43 ; Gueye, M., et al, 2014, Wild Fruits Traditionally Gathered by the Malinke Ethnic Group in the Edge of Niokolo Koba Park (Senegal). American Journal of Plant Sciences 5, 1306-1317 ; Hanawa, Y., 2013, Wild edible plants used by Guiziga people of far north region of Cameroon. Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants. Vol 3 (2) : 136-143 ; Harris, F. M. A. and Mohammed, S., 2003, Relying on Nature: Wild Foods in Northern Nigeria. Ambio Vol. 32 No. 1. p 25-30 ; Hedrick, U.P., 1919, (Ed.), Sturtevant's edible plants of the world. p 689 ; Henty, E.E., 1980, Harmful Plants in Papua New Guinea. Botany Bulletin No 12. Division Botany, Lae, Papua New Guinea. p 109, ; Ibrahim, H. A., et al, 2012, Ethnobotanical Survey of the Wild Edible Food Plants Consumption among Local Communities in Kano State, North-Western, Nigeria, International Journal of Science and Technology. Vol. 2. No. 10 p 716 ; INFOODS:FAO/INFOODS Databases ; Jardin, C., 1970, List of Foods Used In Africa, FAO Nutrition Information Document Series No 2.p 169 ; Johns, T., and Kokwaro, J.O., 1991, Food Plants of the Luo of Siayo District, Kenya. Economic Botany 45(1), pp 103-113 ; John, L., & Stevenson, V., 1979, The Complete Book of Fruit. Angus & Robertson p 285 ; Katende, A.B., Birnie, A & Tengnas B., 1995, Useful Trees and Shrubs for Uganda. Identification, Propagation, Flowering Plants of the Neotropics. Princeton. p 277 ; Kebebew, M. & Leta, G., 2016, Wild Edible Plant Bio-diversity and Utilization System in Nech Sar National Park, Ethiopia. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 2016, 7(4):885-896 ; Kidane, B., et al, 2014, Ethnobotany of Wild and Semi-wild Edible Fruit Species used by Maale and Ari Ethnic Communities in South Ethiopia. Ethnobotany Research and Applications. Vol. 12, 1546-3465-12-455 ; Lamien-Meda, A., et al, 2008, Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Fourteen Wild Edible Fruits from Burkina Faso. Molecules 2008,13, 581-594 ; Le Houerou, H. N., (Ed.), 1980, Browse in Africa. The current state of knowledge. International Livestock Centre for Africa, Ethiopia. p 163 ; Little, E. L., et al, 1974, Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. USDA Handbook 449. Forestry Service. p 70 ; Lulekal, E., et al, 2011, Wild edible plants in Ethiopia: a review on their potential to combat food insecurity. Afrika Focus - Vol. 24, No 2. pp 71-121 ; Maroyi, A., 2011, The Gathering and Consumption of Wild Edible Plants in Nhema Communal Area, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 50:6, 506-525 ; Martin, F. W., et al, 1987, Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics. USDA Handbook 642 p 44 ; Mengistu, F. & Hager, H., 2008, Wild Edible Fruit Species Cultural Domain, Informant Species Competence and Preference in Three Districts of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Ethnobotany Research & Applications 6:487-502 ; Miguel, E., et al, 1989, A checklist of the cultivated plants of Cuba. Kulturpflanze 37. 1989, 211-357 ; Motlhanka, D. M. T., et al, 2008, Edible Indigenous Fruit Plants of Eastern Botswana. International Journal of Poultry Science. 7(5): 457-460 ; Msuya, T. S., et al, 2010, Availability, Preference and Consumption of Indigenous Foods in the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania, Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 49:3, 208-227 ; Mua Bioversity Profile, 2013, Profile for Management of the Habitats and Related Ecological and Cultural Resources of Mua Island. Torres Strait Regional Authority Land & Sea Management Unit. p 152 ; Neelo, J., et al, 2015, Ethnobotanical Survey of Woody Plants in Shorobe and Xobe Villages, Northwest Region of Botswana. Ethnobotany Research & Applications 14:367-379 ; Neudeck, L. et al, 2012, The Contribution of Edible Wild Plants to Food Security, Dietary Diversity and Income of Households in Shorobe Village, Northern Botswana. Ethnobotany Research & Applications 10:449-462 ; Nkeoua, G. & Boundzanga, G. C., 1999, Donnees sur les produits forestieres non ligneux en Republique du Congo. FAO. p 39 ; Nyadanu, D., et al, 2015, Agro-biodiversity and challenges of on-farm conservation: the case of plant genetic resources of neglected and underutilized crop species in Ghana. Genet. Resourc. Crop Evol. 62(7): ; Ojelel, S. & Kakudidi, E. K., 2015, Wild edible plant species utilized by a subsistence farming community in the Obalanga sub-county, Amuria district, Uganda. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 11:7 ; Ojelel, S., et al, 2019, Wild edible plants used by communities in and around selected forest reserves of Teso-Karamoja region, Uganda. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2019) 15:3 ; Oryema, C., et al, 2013, Edible wild fruit species of Gulu District, Uganda. International Journal of Biology and Biological Sciences Vol 2(4) pp 068-082 ; Ruffo, C. K., Birnie, A. & Tengnas, B., 2002, Edible Wild Plants of Tanzania. RELMA p 726 ; Schmidt, E., Lotter, M., & McCleland, W., 2007, Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park. Jacana Media p 102 ; Seyoum, Y., et al, 2015, Edible Wild Fruit Trees and Shrubs and Their Socioeconomic Significance in Central Ethiopia. Ethnobotany Research & Applications. 14:183-197 ; Sp. pl. 2:1193. 1753 ; Sukarya, D. G., (Ed.) 2013, 3,500 Plant Species of the Botanic Gardens of Indonesia. LIPI p 733 ; Swaziland's Flora Database http://www.sntc.org.sz/flora ; Thaman, R.R., 1976, The Tongan Agricultural System, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji. p 430 ; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). 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